The first step in understanding the dietary needs of monogastric and ruminant animals is to understand the difference between monogastric and ruminant animals.
1. The concept of monogastric animals and ruminants
Monogastric animals: Compared with the rumen, monogastric animals are animals with only one gastric gland collectively, including chickens, pigs, humans, etc.
Ruminants: Animals that have the digestion method of ruminant. Ruminants belong to the class Mammalia, Artiodactyla, and suborder Ruminants, such as camels, deer, giraffes, alpaca, antelope, cattle, sheep, etc. Because these animals have a complex ruminant stomach and can regurgitate food, they are called ruminants.
2. the choice of feed
The difference in feed selection between monogastric animals and ruminants is mainly due to differences in digestive secretions.
Monogastric animals have only a simple digestive tract, and the digestive organs are small in volume and cannot secrete cellulase and hemicellulase. Saliva contains a large amount of a-amylase, which can hydrolyze the a-1,4-glucose in starch. Become maltose, a dextrin and so on. In the small intestine, intestinal mucosal epithelial cells can produce a variety of enzymes, such as lactase, maltase, etc., which can hydrolyze lactose cellobiose, maltose, isomaltose a-1, 6-chain dextrin, secondary powder and so on. Therefore, monogastric animals are suitable for refined feeds such as various cereals.
The stomach of ruminants is mostly divided into four gastric chambers, namely rumen, reticulum, double ovum and abomasum. The first two gastric compartments (rumen and reticulum) mix food and saliva, and in particular use symbiotic bacteria to break down cellulose into glucose. The food is then regurgitated and chewed slowly to mix well and further break down the fiber. It is then re-swallowed and dehydrated through the rumen to the double stomach. Then sent to the abomasum. Finally, it is sent to the small intestine for absorption. Ruminants are not too demanding on feed varieties because of their fairly developed cecum and colon.
 
Whether it is a monogastric animal or a ruminant, as long as the ingredients are selected reasonably, they can grow healthily and help farmers achieve ideal economic benefits.